Programme for the protocolgroup in Wageningen

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Further information

DRAFT PROTOCOL
SHORTLIST OF INDICATORS FOR 16 MODULES

Abbreviations used:

FCM "fat-corrected milk"; i.e. milk with 4 percent butter-fat and corresponding standard percentages of protein and lactose.
AWU Annual Working Unit
SGM Standard Gross Margins, EU Statistics
ESU European Size Unit
MJ Mega joules
LU Livestock unit
Ha Hectare
GRP Gross regional product
NGO Non-governmental organisation
MS Member State
BME "Encuesta Recursos Pastables Boletin Mensual Estadistica Agraria"
MAPA Official Statistics of the Ministry of Agriculture (Spain)
INE National Statistics Bureau (Spain)
LBAS Libro Blanco de Aguas Subteraneas (Spain)
PHN Plan Hidrológico Nacional (Spain)
IGN Instituto Geográfico Nacional (Spain)
INM Instituto Nacional Meteorologia (Spain)
ICONA Institutot Nacional de Conservación de la Naturaleza
F Farm level
N National level
R Regional level
C Calculable
A Available

FARM DATA

Primary production system

See also modules 3 (chain) and 9 (technical aspects)

INDICATOR	UNITS	SCALE	CATEGORY OF DATA	DATA SOURCE
Percentage of imported feed (roughages)	% volume from regional / national / EU / world market	F		At national level in Spain (Spanish Customs)
Percentage of imported feed (compounds)	% volume from regional / national / EU / world market	F
Degree of self sufficiency in feed	% home produced fodder	F	C	Eurofarm
Grazing management e.g. days at grass – seasonal grazing	Number and season of days at grass / year	F	A /C
Monthly grazing density	Average number, age & weight of animals at grass / month	F
Ratio of communal to private grazing	Ratio of communal to private grazing used / month	F and R
Rotation system	% fallow land/ year % grazing land /year % crops / year % tree cover	F
Energy Use per hectare	MJ per ha.	F	C
Number of animals per farm	Average number of animals /month and /year	F	A	Eurofarm
Product / specialisation e.g. fattening calves, dairy cows	List of products sold and number of each	F	A	Partly Eurofarm
Species, breed,	% of total number of animals	F	A	Eurofarm
Number of stock of endangered breeds	Number of animals from endangered breed and % this represents of total animals	F
Age and live-weight of animals	Age and average monthly weight of animals (kg)	F	C
Farm size	Ha / turnover	F	A	Eurofarm / farmers
Degree of mechanisation	Number and horse power of tractors / farm	F

Farm economic indicators

INDICATOR	UNITS	SCALE	CATEGORY OF DATA	DATA SOURCE
Output Taking into account: Purchase price e.g. if fattening or finishing Replacement cost Mortality rate	ECU per animal	F
Sale price, per fattening animal, wool, milk, crops, processed product	ECU/kg, ECU/litre	F		MAPA
Subsidies	Per animal, per year / per ha. per year	F		MAPA
Variable costs
Feed per animal type and age	ECU per animal per year	F
Supplements	ECU per animal per year	F
Veterinary bills and medicines	ECU per animal per year	F
Dips (sheep)	ECU per animal per year	F
Bedding	ECU per animal per year	F
Transport	ECU per animal per year	F
Cost of marketing product	ECU per animal per year	F
Forage costs (silage per kg /hay per kg/ grazing per ha including costs of fertilisers, seeds etc)	ECU per animal per year	F		Farmers
Concentrate costs	ECU per animal per year	F
Hours of seasonal / relief salaried labour	ECU per hour + average number of hours per year	F
Manure disposal	ECU per tonne per year	F
Quota leasing	ECU per year	F
Other costs	ECU per year	F
Fixed costs
Land	ECU/ha	R
Machinery, maintenance, depreciation, fuel etc	ECU per year	F
Fuel (e.g. heating)	ECU per year	F
Storage	ECU per year	F
Building maintenance	ECU per year	F
Pens/stalls	ECU per year	F
Fencing	ECU per year	F
Rent	ECU per year	F		MAPA
Tax	ECU per year	F
Salaried labour	ECU per year	F		MAPA
Capital assets	ECU equivalent	F

GROSS MARGIN = SUM OF OUTPUT - SUM OF VARIABLE COSTS

NET INCOME = GROSS MARGIN - SUM OF FIXED COSTS

Technical aspects

See also module 13 (policy aspects)

The technical indicators specify the basic bio-technical features and results of the production processes

NB: In many cases, the livestock systems contain combinations of two or more production processes. These processes are usually linked vertically, i.e.: they mark different stages in the life of the same animal(s) or subsequent generations. Horizontal links (multi-species pasturing for improved grassland maintenance, e. g.) are the exception.

Indicators	Units	Farm; Region	Available; Calculate	Data Source (see footnote)
Basic biological aspects of production (biological action parameters)
Kind of product	breeds, meat, milk, eggs..	F/R	A	FA
Race, breed	high, standard, robust	F/R	A	PCR; Exp
Begin / end at	weeks, kg liveweight	F	A	PCR
Seasonality	max. monthly percentage	F/R	C	PCR; Exp
Production outline and management (technical action parameters)
Size of herd	heads	F	A	PCR
Housing facilities	high-tech, normal, low-cost	F	C	PCR; Exp
Fuel and electricity	kWh / head / year	F	C	PCR
Hygienic level	high, good, poor	F	C	PCR; Exp
Partition of feed	% fodder; % concentrate	F	C	PCR
Origin of feed	% home, % other regions	F	C	PCR
Banned feeds	silage, biostatics, e.g.	F/R	A	PCR; Exp
Bio-technical efficiency of production (result parameters)
Live weight gain	g / head / day	F	C	PCR
Feed conversion	MJ / kg LW gain	F	C	PCR
Reproduction rates	reared / female / year	F	C	FA; PCR
Longevity	ave. number of litters / life	F	C	PCR
Milk from fodder	kg FCM / cow / year	F	C	PCR
Quality certificates	(description)	F/R	A	PCR; Exp

FA = Bookkeeping accounts (FADN); PCR = Producers’ control records; Exp = Experts, advisors

Socio-economic indicators

INDICATOR	UNITS	SCALE	CATEGORY OF DATA	DATA SOURCE
Type of system	Industrial / family	F
Ownership	Family / company	F		Census
Management	Head of family / hired manager/ owner	F
Labour
Family members	gender, age, education, training, AWU / % of AWU	F		Census
Head of the family	gender, age, education, training, AWU / % of AWU	F
Salaried labour	permanent – seasonal AWU / % of AWU	F		Census
Pluri-activity
Diversification	% of income derived from diversification	F
Family members	% time spent and income derived from off-farm activities	F		Census
Head of the family	% time spent and income derived from off-farm activities	F
Market orientation	% of production for on-farm consumption Local markets National/ international food chain Contract farming	F
Land tenure	Ha. and % of total area owned, rented, leased	F		Census
Social organisation of production/sales	% of production organised by individual / co-operative/ sectors association	F
Size of unit (ESU)	Total SGM	F
Succession	Yes/no + rate	F /R
National and EU subsidies as % of annual net income or annual turnover	%	F

RELATION DATA

General description

See also modules 2 (primary production system), 7 (landscape) and 3 (chain)

A short description of the livestock system (a snapshot), which includes the main indicators of modules: primary production system; landscape and chain.

Chain

INDICATOR	UNITS	SCALE	CATEGORY OF DATA	DATA SOURCE
Product sold by the farms	intermediate/ finished product/ processed	F	A	Eurofarm
Product destination:	regional consumers /national market/ export (EU)/export (third countries);	R	C
Supply firms	Type and number	F
Distance to supply firms N.B. Could be substituted with a qualitative indicator such as whether the firm is in the same region as the farm	Km	F
Recipient firms	Type and number	F
Distance to recipient firms N.B. Could be substituted with a qualitative indicator such as whether the firm is in the same region as the farm	Km	F
Contract production	Yes/no	F
% of production marketed through co-operatives or integrated firms	% of total production	F
Integrated chain management	Yes/No	F
Quality standards

View

This module will contain a visual over-view of the entire production system and/or, where appropriate, certain aspects of the production system, e.g. module 9 – "Technical aspects" for intensive pig production may be linked to a view of the inside of a pig unit. Links to other modules will be made where necessary.
Map

The Bunce-Jongman map which classifies European landscapes on the basis of altitude, latitude and climate will be enhanced with the addition of data on metropolitan development and used as a base map on which the regions where different livestock systems are located will be indicated.
Landscape

See also modules 4 (view) and 10 (environmental organisation)

INDICATOR	UNITS	SCALE	CATEGORY OF DATA	DATA SOURCE
Type of pasture:	Eg. heather, alpine, woodland, olive groves, etc.	F/R		In Spain the BME
Environmentally Sensitive areas (ESAs)	% or area (ha)	R/F	C
Bird Protection areas	% or area (ha)	R/F	C
Habitat Directive areas	% or area (ha)	R/F	C

Environmental organisation

See also module 7 (structural data) and module 16 (pedoclimatic environment)

INDICATOR	UNITS	SCALE (Farm / Region)	CATEGORY OF DATA	DATA SOURCE
Nitrogen release	Kg/ha	F/R
Water
Nutrient balance related to soil properties	Kg N, P per ha and farm	FR	C
Nutrient balance per water catchment area	Kg N, P per water catchment area	R	C
Nutrient balance of ground water	Kg of NO3 in groundwater	R	A	LBAS
Water use (per animal / per hectare)	Kg water per animal and per ha	F / R	C	PHN
Water balance per water catchment area	Kg water per water catchment area / depth of ground water table	R	C / A
Ground water quality	PH and kg of CU/ZN and other heavy metals	R		LBAS
Surface water quality		R
Soil
Soil type	Classification > 50% of farm	F
Soil quality	Cm humus layer /	F
Additional indicators relevant to soil erosion risk
Relief	% of land on slopes and degree of slopes	F / R		IGN
Rainfall distribution	Mean monthly rainfall / number of months rainfall per year / seasonality	R		INM
Land Use	Forest, types of pasture etc, % of total area of farm	F
Agricultural practices, e.g. ploughing, winter cover crops etc	Description + % of land applied to	F
Stocking density	LU per ha	F	A
Grazing practices	Average days at grass per year / seasonality	F
Number of times per year that grass is cut / year	Number	F
Other natural conditions	Description	F/R
Building work	Description	F/R
Fires	Number + extent per year (ha)	R		ICONA
Area needed to produce 1kg of product	Ha	F
Air
Air quality		R
Stocking density	LU per ha	F/R	A
Manure management		F		Partly Eurofarm
Energy used from various sources	% of total used from each source	F
Landscape
Vegetation type
Density of habitats for flora and fauna
Connectivity of habitats	Km of hedges etc	F
Ratio of cultivated to natural areas	Ratio	R
Landscape value

Policy aspects

See also modules 9 (technical aspects) and 10 (environmental organisation)

INDICATOR	UNITS	SCALE	CATEGORY OF DATA	DATA SOURCE
*Support*
Direct price support	ECU/ha of ECU/animal	F?R
Investment subsidies
Farm subsidies
Transport support for remote areas
Regulation 2078/92
Applicable EU premium Schemes, e.g. suckler cow, special beef and ewe premiums
Restrictions	ECU/ha	F/R	A
Abandonment /conservation payments	Description	F/R	A
Building restrictions
Veterinary regulations	Description	R/N/EU
Public Health restrictions	Description	R?N?EU
Breed conservation payments	ECU/animal	F/R	A
Slaughter regulations
Production rights	Tonnes per farm /region / country	R/N/EU
Quotas, e.g. milk	Kg/ha	F/R/EU	A/C
Manure rights
Quality standards	Description	R	A
Organic production
Integral chain management	Description	R	A

Ethical aspects

See also module 13 (policy aspects)

INDICATOR	UNITS	SCALE	CATEGORY OF DATA	DATA SOURCE
Transport distances	Hours / km per animal	R
Transport conditions	M² per animal, length and frequency of breaks
Housing conditions	M² per animal / temperature / humidity / air quality	F
Management practices, such as tethering dairy cows / battery hens	Description	F
Slaughter procedures	Description	F/R
Treatment of disease
Supervision guidelines
Training for stockmen
Availability of extension and veterinary services

13. Inter-relationships

See also modules 7 (landscape), 3 (chain) and 12 (socio-economic indicators)

INDICATOR	UNITS	SCALE	CATEGORY OF DATA	DATA SOURCE
The agricultural area used or/and claimed by other functions: living, non-agricultural activities, drinking water production, nature including forestry and recreation	% of area and number of functions	R	C
The agricultural area claimed by other agricultural sectors for manure	% of area and number of agrarian sectors	F/R	A/C
Contract production	Yes/no	F	A
The advantage of the integrated system compared to the single system:	economic, environment, health	F/R	A

REGIONAL DATA

Origin, transformation and development of livestock systems

Time milestones:

Before and after 2^nd World War,
Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) Impact:

Member State's (MS) accesson to EEC
1992 reform

INDICATORS

Historical ascendance of livestock systems: geography, societal groups, cultural background
Survival of archaic modes of production and social structure/organisation of production units (individual and/or collective)
Co-existence of archaic and modern elements in the production system
Dependency of modern systems on their geographical/natural, social, economic, cultural environment
Decisive events in modern history (20^th century) of concern to MSs:
Agricultural policy measures that influenced systems' evolution at European, national and local level (e.g. introduction of milk quotas, Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESAs), Less Favoured Areas (LFAs) etc.)
Indirectly related to livestock production e.g. wars, reforms, plagues (e.g. In the case of Greece, agricultural reform in 1920, accession to EU, abandonment of mountainous areas - rural exodus of the 1950s -1960s migration to Western European countries).

15. Structural data

INDICATOR	UNITS	SCALE	CATEGORY OF DATA	DATA SOURCE
Number of farms	Total number of farms	R	A	MAPA / INE
Average size of farms	Ha (regional average)	R
Number of livestock farms	Total number of livestock farms	R	A	MAPA / INE
Average size of livestock farms	Ha, number of animals (regional average) and LU/ha	R
Average degree of mechanisation	Average number and horse power of tractors / farm	R
Total agricultural land	% of total area and ha.	R	A	MAPA / INE
Number of parcels into which agricultural land is divided	Average number / farm in the region	R
% of total agricultural land with no road access	%	R
Area of communal land used for grazing / hay / silage / concentrates	Area (ha) and as % of total agricultural area in the region	R
Average % of grazing land sown and semi - natural	Average % per region	R
Land used for livestock farming (including forage production)	% of total agricultural area and ha.	R	A	MAPA / INE
Regional livestock numbers	Number of animals in region	R
Volume of production		R
Importance of system to the region
Agricultural input into GRP	% of GRP	R	A	MAPA / INE
Livestock farming's input into GRP	% of GRP	R	A	MAPA / INE
Degree of national self-sufficiency in livestock production	% self-sufficiency	N
Labour employed in agriculture	% of active population	R	A	MAPA / INE
Labour employed in livestock farming	% of active population	R	C	MAPA / INE

Pedoclimatic context

(see also module 10 environmental organisation)

INDICATOR	UNITS	SCALE	DATA CATEGORY	DATA SOURCE
Soil type	% sand, % loam % stone % organic matter pH, % clay, depth	R
*Climate*
Rainfall distribution	Mean monthly rainfall /number of months' rainfall per year / seasonality	R
Temperature	Mean monthly temperature / number of days in growing season	R
Relief	Average % of sloping land and average degree of slope.	R
Altitude	Average altitude and altitude range within region	R

17. Social environment

INDICATOR	UNITS	SCALE	DATA CATEGORY	DATA SOURCE
Geographical location
Settlement type / Degree of urbanisation	urban centres, peri-urban areas, rural areas remote/marginal areas	R
Accessibility	transport infrastructure physical barriers (high mountains, islands) communication systems(telecommunication, mass media etc.)	R
Aesthetic Value (see also module 9 (Landscape))	Number of - Biotopes- Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESAs) - National Parks, historical monuments	R
Social Infrastructure / Amenities	Facilities and services: Education / training Health Administrative	R
Cultural activities	Agrarian co-operative and professional associations Cultural societies Environmental pressure groups NGOs Sport clubs and recreation facilities Festivals and local bazaars Educational activities	R
Local community orientation Decline or marginalisation Pluri-activity (stability and diversification) Intensification (scale increase and industrialisation)		R
Orientation of farming community Ecological tradition Ecological modernity Productive tradition Productive modernity		R
Other non agricultural economic sectors	industry tourist services forestry interrelations linkages employment prospects	R
Development dynamics	EU/State projects Management of protected natural resources Local Initiatives (Developmental agencies, etc.) Private investment Research Institutes	R
*Unemployment rate*	%	R
*Demography*	% Immigration % Outmigration Age structure Population density	R

Revised, Susan Williams

04/08/98

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